Inflammatory bowel diseases are one of the leading causes of gastrointestinal diseases in terms of the frequency of complications, severity of the course, and mortality. According to data from 2020, the prevalence of IBD in Russia is 19.3-29.8 cases per 100,000 population for non-specific ulcerative colitis and 3.0-4.5 cases per 100,000 population for Crohn's disease, with an increasing incidence among working-age individuals. Numerous studies have shown that psychoemotional stress plays a key role in exacerbating inflammatory bowel diseases, which highlights the need to study the ways in which patients with these diseases perceive and cope with stress. The aim of this study is to investigate the perception of illness and coping strategies among patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. The study involved 110 patients, including 66 patients with Crohn's disease and 44 patients with non-specific ulcerative colitis. According to the results of the study, patients with a diagnosis of non-specific ulcerative colitis perceive their disease as the most negatively affecting their lives, the most threatening to their lives and health, are more concerned about the disease and its consequences, better identify the symptoms of the disease, and use the coping strategies of "Confrontation" and "Flight-Avoidance" more often than patients with a diagnosis of Crohn's disease.

Objective: to introduce and provide a theoretical rationale for the FaBo Mirror, a standardized clinical–psychological and neuropsychological mirror therapy protocol developed for the correction of phantom limb pain (PLP), and to describe its construction principles, procedure, and efficacy assessment system.
Materials and Methods: a theoretical–methodological analysis of PLP was combined with a structured description of the protocol. The framework integrates Anokhin's theory of functional systems with the neuromatrix concept, cortical reorganization, pain memory, and the medical psychology of bodily experience. Equipment, conditions, step–by–step procedures for upper– and lower–limb amputations, course organization (five 50–minute sessions twice weekly), specialist requirements, indications and limitations are presented.
Results: the session is composed of sensory, motor, and goal–directed components organized into a fixed sequence. The core motor task – the serial fist–edge–palm sequence performed under mirror visual feedback – is grounded in evidence of reproducible bilateral activation of the motor cortex in healthy subjects. A three–level assessment system is proposed: the Numeric Rating Scale, the Well–being–Activity–Mood questionnaire, and the EQ–5D–5L. Observations from an ongoing clinical pilot application are interpreted as a limited indication of the protocol's feasibility.
Conclusions: the FaBo Mirror is a reproducible, theoretically grounded neuropsychological technology for PLP correction; its clinical efficacy requires confirmation in randomized controlled trials with follow–up

The aim of the study was to investigate the characteristics of visual-spatial functions in patients with chronic liver and kidney diseases. Materials and methods: the study included patients with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of chronic liver failure (CLF, n = 15, mean age 55,94 ± 10,78 years) and end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis (CKD, n = 15, mean age 49,33 ± 10,18years) and healthy volunteers of comparable age (control group, n = 15, mean age 51,26 ± 11,11years). To assess visual-spatial functions, neuropsychological diagnostic methods according to A.R. Luria as modified by T.V. Akhutina were used (Head tests, drawing a three-dimensional object, memorizing non-verbalized figures, understanding logical and grammatical constructions) with quantitative and qualitative assessment of the results. Statistical processing was carried out using the methods of descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc comparisons (Tukey's test) in the IBM SPSS Statistics package. Results. Qualitative differences in disorders were established: in liver pathology, spatial praxis deficit predominates (Head's test, p=0.004), while in kidney pathology, quasi-spatial synthesis disorders (logical-grammatical constructions, p=0.005) prevail. Visual-spatial memory is equally reduced in both clinical groups (p<0.05). Basic constructive skills are preserved. Conclusions. Chronic liver and kidney failure cause specific, qualitatively different disorders of visual-spatial functions. The identified patterns can serve as a basis for targeted neurocorrectional programs.

Background. The rising prevalence of anxiety-depressive states underscores the urgent need for therapeutic approaches targeting the core mechanisms of maladaptation. Maladaptive cognitive-affective schemas, with dysfunctional basic beliefs at their core distorting perceptions of self, the world, and the future, play a pivotal role in their pathogenesis. However, a comprehensive understanding of their systemic neurobiological organization remains lacking. Aim. This study aims to theoretically substantiate an integrative neurocognitive model of basic beliefs, elucidating the mechanisms of their stability and maladaptive transformation in anxiety-depressive symptomatology, and to identify principles for developing personalized interventions based on this model. Method. A theoretical analysis and synthesis of contemporary neurocognitive and physiological data were conducted. Dysfunctional basic beliefs were examined as components of holistic maladaptive functional systems, and the neurobiological correlates of their stability were described. Results. Within the proposed model, the stability of dysfunctional basic beliefs is linked to specific neurobiological activity (amygdala hyperactivation, decreased prefrontal cortex activity, hippocampal dysfunction) and impaired neuroplasticity. The necessity of an integrative therapeutic approach synergistically affecting all system levels through a combination of “top-down” (cognitivbehavioral) and “bottom-up” (somatic and emotional regulation) methods is substantiated. Conclusions. The functional systems theory provides a foundational framework for developing therapeutic interventions aimed at systemic reorganization ("systemogenesis") through neuroplasticity mechanisms.

Modern assisted reproductive technologies (ART) occupy an important place in the system of reproductive medicine. The increasing number of children born after IVF and ICSI makes it particularly relevant to study the characteristics of their subsequent neurocognitive development. Objective - A comparative analysis of neuropsychological indicators in preschool and primary school-aged children conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Material and methods. The study included 54 preschool and primary school-aged children (28 children were conceived by IVF, 26 by ICSI). The average age of the children was 5.14 ± 1.34 years. Neuropsychological diagnostics were performed using the A.R. Luria – L.S. Tsvetkova battery of tests adapted for early ages. Integrated indicators of the development of cortical and subcortical structures, cognitive and speech development were assessed. Results. At the integral level, statistically significant differences between the groups were revealed only for the cognitive development indicator (p = 0.050): children in the IVF group demonstrated higher scores corresponding to the risk zone for dysontogenesis. In the 3-5 year subgroup, reliable differences were noted in a number of functions: attention, praxis, memory, thinking (p < 0.05). The frequency of deviations in subcortical structures was high in both groups (71.4% IVF vs. 53.8% ICSI), indicating the vulnerability of the neurodynamic component in children after ART. Stratified analysis revealed that the highest frequency of subcortical disorders was observed in children in the IVF group born to mothers under 35 years of age. Conclusions. The fertilization method is associated with features of the neurocognitive profile: children after IVF demonstrate a tendency towards more pronounced functional deviations, especially in early preschool age. The data obtained substantiate the need for differentiated neuropsychological monitoring and early prevention of cognitive difficulties in children after ART.

This article presents the results of a study aimed at examining the psychological characteristics of women with primary and secondary infertility undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The study's objective was to explore the emotional and personality characteristics of women with primary and secondary infertility undergoing IVF. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 63 women undergoing IVF aged 28 to 45 years. Methods: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q, adapted by N. E. Vodopyanov); Abbreviated Multifactor Personality Inventory (SMOL), adapted by V. P. Zaitsev; Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory, adapted by E. I. Rasskazova and E. N. Osin. The "Gender Characteristics of Personality" method by I. S. Kletsin. Results of the study: Subclinical anxiety was characteristic of both groups, subclinical depression was detected only in the secondary infertility group (p=0.008). It was found that women with primary infertility more often use adaptive problem-oriented stress coping strategies (active coping, p<0.001) and a critically low level of self-control (p=0.036), whereas patients with the secondary type more often choose maladaptive strategies (denial, p=0.018; taking "sedatives", p<0.001), and are also distinguished by suspiciousness and fixation on bodily sensations (increased rates of hypochondria and paranoia, p=0.019 and p=0.036, respectively). Conclusions: The obtained data indicate the need for a differentiated approach to psychological support for women with different types of infertility undergoing IVF.

Physical and psychological abuse experienced during childhood significantly alters the trajectory of cognitive and personal development, shaping the way we perceive social situations and experience loneliness through the formation of early maladaptive patterns and cognitive distortions.
Objective. The study of the experience of subjective loneliness among young adults who have suffered abuse in childhood.
Methods and materials. The study involved 90 young adults (mean age – 20.8+4.2 years, 53% of women), who differ in their experience of abuse. The following methods were used: “Methodology for diagnosing the level of subjective loneliness”, “Loneliness experience Questionnaire”, “Cognitive Mistakes Questionnaire, CMQ”, “Young Schema Questionnaire, YSQ-S3R”, “Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, CTQ-SF”.
Results. Young adults who experienced psychological and physical abuse during childhood exhibit a significantly higher level of subjective loneliness compared to their peers who did not experience such traumatic events. A qualitative difference in the structure of correlations between different aspects of loneliness, early maladaptive patterns, and cognitive distortions has been identified, depending on the specific type of abuse that was experienced in childhood.
Conclusions. The experience of subjective loneliness in adulthood is closely linked to the type of abuse experienced during childhood. These patterns can be used to create specialized medical and psychological counseling programs for young adults who have been through abuse, in order to help them overcome the negative effects of subjective loneliness.

Background. Suicidal behavior in a family member has a traumatic impact on other family members. Data from international studies demonstrate a risk of developing symptoms of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder in the immediate family. However, little is known about the differences in the impact of different forms of suicidal behavior on family members. Objective: To compare the emotional state and stress coping strategies of relatives whose loved ones exhibit different forms of suicidal behavior.
Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 114 relatives of individuals with different forms of suicidal behavior (current suicidal ideation, single suicide attempts, multiple suicide attempts, and completed suicide). The study utilized a battery of measures aimed at assessing the severity of emotional distress symptoms and quality of life, as well as a battery of measures for assessing stress coping strategies.
Results: 70% of the sample of relatives of individuals with different forms of suicidal behavior exhibited depressive symptoms of varying severity. Relatives of individuals who completed suicide have more pronounced symptoms of depression and anxiety, while relatives of individuals whose loved ones experience suicidal ideation more often exhibit subdepressive symptoms and have lower scores on the anxiety scale (p < 0.01). Relatives of individuals who completed suicide and have made multiple attempts are characterized by reduced levels of resilience (p = 0.028). The coping strategy of acceptance promotes help-seeking (p = 0.029), while denial (-0.349), avoidance (-0.475), and emotional venting (-0.271**) are associated with reduced resilience.
Conclusions. Completed suicide and multiple suicide attempts in a family member are more traumatic for relatives than suicidal ideation or a single attempt and reduce the relatives' ability to cope with stressful life events in the future. The ability to accept the problem when coping with stress, as opposed to unconstructive avoidance coping, is an important factor in preventing crises in relatives of individuals with various forms of suicidal behavior.

to determine the relationship between individual psychological properties and neuropsychic stability in conscript servicemen. Materials and Methods: we assessed 50 conscript servicemen aged 18–28 years serving in one military unit. The study used the Module pathocharacterological diagnostic questionnaire A.V. Korzunin, V.V. Yusupov, L.N. Sobchik’s Individual Typological Questionnaire, T. Leary’s Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality adapted by L.N. Sobchik, and D.A. Leontiev’s Purpose-in-Life Test. Descriptive statistics and Spearman correlation analysis were applied. Results: neuropsychic stability was associated with the Module questionnaire scales, spontaneity and anxiety measured with the Individual Typological Questionnaire, overall meaningfulness of life, life goals, satisfaction with the process and outcome of life, and locus of control. No statistically significant associations were found between neuropsychic stability and interpersonal relationships scales in this sample. Conclusions: neuropsychic stability in conscript servicemen is related to a combination of regulatory, typological, and meaning-related characteristics. Psychological support should be based on an integrated profile of self-control, anxiety, spontaneity, and life-meaning orientations; interpersonal relationships may be used as additional data in individual counseling.