Education of modern schoolchildren is simultaneously one of the main tasks of modern society and the most important problem. The educational program is becoming more and more complex every year, making more and more demands on the future generation. Accordingly, parents give preference to the intellectual development of the child, rather than physical. In view of this, the basic physiological systems, for the full maturation of which spontaneous motor activity is necessary, do not receive the necessary stimulation and do not develop to the fullest extent. As a result, by the time school education begins, many schoolchildren show deficiencies in the cognitive sphere, since the basic level, on which higher mental functions should be built, has not been sufficiently formed. The vestibular system is one of the first human sensory systems, laid down in intrauterine ontogenesis from the 4th week. Successful development of this system is achieved due to the child's active actions (running, jumping, etc.). When the vestibular system is disrupted or underdeveloped, the child experiences difficulties maintaining balance, orientation in space, focusing the gaze on a specific object, which can subsequently lead to underdevelopment of higher mental functions, and, accordingly, to difficulties in mastering the school curriculum. 

The objective of the study was to research the psychological characteristics of persons with premenstrual syndrome. Materials and Methods was psychological concepts, and also used methods to identify neurotic states and personality traits. Results: People with premenstrual syndrome are better at describing their feelings than people without it. No other differences were found. A correlation was found between the severity of premenstrual syndrome and an externally oriented type of thinking, a negative attitude towards men, towards comrades and acquaintances, a hysterical type of reaction and vegetative disorders. Conclusion – premenstrual syndrome - a disease of the genitourinary system with a neuropsychic component, but not developing against its background.

Sports psychology as an academic field has existed for almost two centuries. A constant goal since its inception has been to understand how psychological techniques can improve athletic performance. In this article, we sought to synthesize the existing literature in order to gain an understanding of the overall impact of sports psychology on athletic performance.

This article examines how important psychology is for sports medicine and what sports psychologists do. It also provides an overview of how the principles and recommendations of sports psychologists are key assets in optimal support of athletes' health, performance and wellbeing.

Materials and methods. A systematic search was conducted in 3 databases: Scopus, Google Scholar and PubMed. The search strategy was developed without specific time and language constraints.

Results. Long-term observations show that the integration of sports psychology into medical practice contributes to the formation of stable skills of self-regulation and stress tolerance in athletes. The results confirm that an interdisciplinary approach creates the basis for the development of personalized medicine, where psychological techniques become an integral part of the treatment process of professional athletes. This opens up new opportunities for disease prevention and improving the quality of life of patients.

This review strengthens the evidence base for sports psychology methods and may be of great practical value to practitioners.

The aim of the study was the relationship between religious activity and the severity of symptoms of PTSD and depression in combatants in a combat zone. We hypothesized that a high level of religious activity is associated with less pronounced symptoms of PTSD, anxiety, and depression. The church-educated participants demonstrated the best adaptive abilities. Moderately religious participants showed average levels of anxiety and depression. The nonreligious subjects showed more severe forms of PTSD. Each combatant was tested (D. O. Smirnov's Methodology for measuring religious activity (PEACE); A. Beck's Depression Scale; N.B. Tarabrina's Scale for the clinical diagnosis of PTSD). As the analysis of research shows, religion is a powerful protective force in various powerful stressful situations.

The results of an empirical study conducted on a sample of 83 preschool children raised in groups with and without inclusion are presented. The study showed increased levels of anxiety, high levels of aggression and a large number of fears among children with mental retardation. It was found that the levels of anxiety, aggression and severity of fears in healthy children in inclusive groups and groups without inclusion were distributed generally equally.

Qualitative analysis of the data indicates the need to continue studying the characteristics of the emotional sphere of preschoolers, including with inclusion, as well as the need for increased attention to the communicative environment of preschoolers as a source of possible fears.

The family is the first institution of socialization for any child. The role of family and especially mother for a child with a disability or disability is even higher. Researchers, considering the role of the family in raising a child with disabilities, focus on the presence of stress in the parents and the need to cope with stress, while the personal characteristics of the parents themselves are out of the focus of study. Accentuation of character in parents can indeed have a significant impact on the development of a disabled child. Character accentuations are the expression of certain personality traits that are on the border between norm and pathology. Depending on the type of accentuation, parents may exhibit certain behavioral features that affect their interaction with the child and the perception of his characteristics.

The article reflected the results of a study of dominant accentuations in parents raising children with disabilities. The study did not take into account the nosological group of the child, but all children had confirmed status of a child with HIA. The study involved 144 mothers of children of preschool and primary school age. The dominant accentuations turned out to be hyperthymic, hysterical-demonstrative, emotive and stuck types of mother accentuations.

The article is devoted to a theoretical analysis of ways to support parents used in some modern models of early care for children with ASD, such as ABA therapy, DIRFloortime, ESDM, traditional types of correctional care, a developed version of early care based on a cultural and historical approach, and a classification of support methods. The role of a parent at an early age is extremely important, it is the relationship with the parent that is the driving factor of his mental development, and the development of a child becomes difficult for the whole family of such a child, which necessitates the need for parental support. The forms of support for parents of children with ASD are diverse, through theoretical analysis, five groups of such forms can be distinguished: directly aimed at the child, directly aimed at the parent, aimed at teaching the parent child development techniques along several main lines (motor skills, speech, perception, etc.), aimed at teaching parents communication development techniques, aimed at teaching the parent's techniques for developing various forms of communication and leadership activities. Each of the described forms has its own advantages and a number of limitations. It is concluded that in modern Russian correctional practice there is a shortage of forms of parental support aimed at teaching a parent both communication skills with a child and child development skills along several lines, and it is suggested that early intervention specialists should be trained in ways to support parents of children with ASD. 

Introduction. In the context of population aging, health problems of elderly people are considered from the standpoint of functionality and domains of individual viability, with the cognitive domain being a significant one. Purpose of the study. To study the prevalence of cognitive impairment and ways of social and psychological support for elderly people in a geriatric institution. Materials and methods. The study was based on the state budgetary institution of social services «Yaroslavl Regional Gerontological Center». Elderly people underwent an assessment of their cognitive status «Mini-mental state examination», MMSE (mini-study of mental state). The effectiveness of social and psychological support activities for elderly people was assessed by studying their psychological state using the ICOPE questionnaire. Results and discussion. Cognitive impairments of varying severity were revealed in elderly people in a geriatric institution. Taking into account the identified impairments, a set of social and psychological measures was carried out with elderly people. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the functioning parameters of elderly people in the cognitive domain showed positive dynamics of the measures. Conclusions. The need to study the cognitive status and conduct social and psychological support measures for elderly people can be considered as a point of application in maintaining the functionality of an elderly person, regardless of the conditions of stay.