Objective: to compare the methods for diagnosing the mental development of infants and young children, which are popular among Russian specialists. Materials and Methods: domestic and foreign methods, available to Russian users from literary sources and on the Internet. Research method: comparative analysis. Results: the considered methods differ in the time and country of publication, the presence of reprints, age focus, and the depth of developmental assessment. Forms of presentation of stimulus material include a test, a parent questionnaire, a development table, and experimental situations. The average number of assessed developmental areas is 5, with speech, motor skills, and everyday skills development assessed most frequently, and social and emotional development least frequently. Information on testing the psychometric properties of the methods on Russian samples is lacking in most cases. The development criteria used are excessively numerous and lack consistency; age standards may differ significantly from each other. Conclusions: diagnostics of mental development of infants and young children in Russia as a scientific and practical discipline is in crisis; The methods used in clinical and research practice to assess child development do not provide reliable results. Radical changes are needed in the development and validation of modern Russian diagnostic tools for assessing early childhood development.

This research is the final stage of the study of reproductive plans in women with breast cancer (BC). At the previous stages, socio-psychological factors influencing changes in reproductive plans and maintaining their health after the end of treatment in women with BC were identified. The purpose of this article is to study the need and areas of psychological support for women with BC at the stage of diagnosis and when making a decision to preserve fertility. The study involved 106 women, using a questionnaire specially developed for this study. The study was conducted on the basis of the ANO Service "Clear Morning". The results of the study showed that at the stage of diagnosis and treatment of BC, women experience a high intensity of negative emotions, and as a result, issues of reproductive plans and the possibility of preserving fertility (FP) are often repressed and remain unresolved without specially organized psychological and medical support. The obtained data indicate that it is necessary to include psychological support for women with breast cancer on a mandatory basis at the stage of diagnosis of the disease and treatment in order to correct their reproductive plans and the possibility of participating in SF programs, including with the help of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). The work of a psychologist should also be included in the communication process of patients with oncologists and reproductive specialists, which will help relieve doctors of some of the tasks of psycho-emotional support for patients and develop adaptive behavior of patients and doctors in the current circumstances.

Based on current regulatory legal acts defining the content of comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation for disabled children, this paper presents an analysis of rehabilitation measures aimed at adolescents with mental disorders and disorders. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the practical potential of A.R. Luria's experimentally developed technology for psychological correction of various behavioral and emotional disorders in disabled children with mental disabilities, who belong to Target Rehabilitation Group (TRG) No. 1, during the rehabilitation process. This article utilizes theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the topic of comprehensive rehabilitation and habilitation of children with disabilities, as well as Russian regulatory documents governing rehabilitation activities. The primary method, based on the author's experience in providing comprehensive rehabilitation for individuals with disabilities at the State Autonomous Institution "Regional Center for Rehabilitation of the Disabled," is participant observation of the work of clinical psychologists, members of the interdisciplinary rehabilitation team, who provide social and psychological services to adolescents with CRG 1. Three typical cases of psychological correction of various behavioral and emotional disorders in children with disabilities are described, using a technology experimentally developed by A.R. Luria. Based on the described correctional work, it is concluded that teaching children the ability to cope with maladaptive behavior patterns and reducing dependence on the influence of negative environmental factors, using a methodology rooted in cultural-historical psychology, demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of this method.

The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of biochemical and procedural characteristics of the disease on the neuropsychological status of children with type 1 diabetes.

Materials and Methods: Patient history data (HbA1c level at diagnosis, duration and age of disease onset) were collected. A comprehensive neuropsychological assessment of higher mental functions was then performed. A quantitative assessment (0 to 3 points) and a qualitative assessment (according to J.M. Glozman) of the neuropsychological assessment data (according to A.R. Luria) were then performed. Spearman's r-rank correlation coefficient was used to examine the relationship between various parameters.

Results: Procedural characteristics, such as disease duration and early age of onset of type 1 diabetes, influenced memory and attention deficits, impaired praxis, and deficits in intellectual and spatial functions. The biochemical characteristic of the disease, expressed as glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels at the time of the study, had a significant impact on the speed of psychological assessments, as well as memory and attention functions.

Conclusions: A negative impact of procedural and biochemical characteristics of the disease on cognitive performance in children with type 1 diabetes was found.

Pregnancy and childbirth are critical situations. Effective organization of psychoprophylactic interventions facilitates constructive overcoming of the crisis, which has a positive impact on the course of pregnancy, childbirth, the health of the newborn, and strengthening marital relationships. The reasons for the low effectiveness of psychoprophylaxis are presented, and opportunities for improving it by defining priority goals are demonstrated.

The article presents the results of a study of the mother's attitude towards a young child in connection with the personal characteristics and experience of the woman's own parent-child relationships. The study involved 40 women, the average age of the mother was 34.5 years, the average age of the child was 26.5 months. The following were used: The Postnatal Maternal Attachment Scale (J. Condon, 1998), the Child-Parent Interaction Questionnaire (CPIQ) (E. I. Zakharova, 1997), the Mother Relationship Test (MRT) (V. O. Anikina, M. E. Bloch, S. S. Savenysheva, I. V. Grandilevskaya, 2021), the BIV Biographical Questionnaire (Bottscher, Jager, Lischer, 1976), and the Childhood Attachment Questionnaire (modified by N. V. Matushevskaya, 2005). Results: In general, the studied group of women is characterized by positive characteristics of maternal attitude and interaction with their young children. At the same time, women demonstrating a non-optimal type of maternal attitude significantly more often assess their experience of parent-child relationships as more unsatisfactory and anxious in comparison with women with an optimal type of maternal attitude. Analysis of relationships showed that the higher the mother's self-doubt, difficulties in assessing and maintaining social contacts, low resistance to stress loads, the lower the indicators of postnatal attachment, which in turn reduces the quality of interaction with the child.

Psychological resources enable individuals to adapt to the impact of mental trauma. These resources include a wide range of intrapsychic phenomena, such as coping resources, psychological defense mechanisms, locus of control, and self-esteem. These personal resources provide individuals with the highest level of functioning. If the traumatic impact extends beyond everyday stress, during the process of psychological recovery, the individual utilizes the opportunity to transition to a different, spiritual level of existence, where they discover a fundamentally different category of survival and adaptation resources. The category of spirituality, developed in the literature, can be applied in the practice of providing psychological assistance to individuals who have suffered severe mental trauma. The spiritual level of a person's adaptation to mental trauma presupposes their inclusion in a reality more general than an individual existence limited by the confines of everyday life. Engagement in an ideological, philosophical, and religious metaconstruct allows the individual, transcending their own egocentric structure, to rely on metavalues more significant than the individual values of human life. Within this framework, mental trauma can be reinterpreted, losing its painful content. This creates a different worldview in which the identity destroyed by trauma can be restored and conditions for its post-traumatic growth and development are created.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies has led to their widespread use not only as a source of information but also for emotional support and psychological assistance.

Objective. To analyze the ability of chatbots to provide assistance in difficult life situations, respond to potentially dangerous topics raised in conversations, and analyze the correspondence between the chatbots' advice and the responses of real people.

Materials and Methods. Five chatbots: ChatGPT, DeepSeek, Yandex GPT Pro5, Gigachat, and a bot from character.ai were used to analyze responses to "provocative" questions that, based on indirect signs, suggest the presence of serious psychological problems (risk of anorexia, possible delusional ideas, suicidal thoughts). A control group (886 people, 187 of whom had a psychiatric diagnosis) and the chatbots completed the "Moral Dilemmas" test.

Results. None of the chatbots suggested consulting a psychiatrist for possible psychiatric problems. In situations of possible "anorexia," all chatbots recommend consulting a nutritionist; some mention psychologists, but none ask further questions. In situations of potential "delusions" and "suicidal risk," chatbots list places to find likeminded people to "develop delusional ideas" and provide the requested information. In moral dilemmas, cluster analysis showed that the chatbots' responses are "cautious," more reminiscent of older people without mental illness.

Conclusions: In situations that are unclear and ambivalent, a chatbot may "fail to recognize" the danger of the situation, which can lead to a worsening of the caller's condition. In cases of mental disorders, chatbot can support delusional ideas, contributing to their crystallization. "Fixing" the chatbot on a initial topic allows it to bypass developer restrictions on providing potentially dangerous or illegal information.

The article provides an overview of modern research on bullying and victimization of school teachers. The purpose of the work is to analyze scientific literature on the impact of psychotraumatic actions on teachers by students and other participants in the educational process. The authors present data from domestic and foreign literature indicating that not only schoolchildren are subjected to bullying and victimization by teachers, but teachers are also increasingly subjected to violence by students, their parents, colleagues and school administration. The review used the RINTS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases.

In conclusion, the author proposes that the Association of Education Researchers of the Russian Federation, together with the Russian Psychological Society, develop a methodology for identifying bullying and victimization directed against students and teachers in order to identify statistically reliable data on the prevalence of these negative phenomena and their prevention.