In this article, we examined the psychological reactions of medical staff: doctors and nurses working in the red zone during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The materials of an empirical study obtained from a sample of 78 people working in the red zone during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 are presented. Overall, the study found that employees experienced moderate distress (the level of distress corresponded to normative indicators). Various psychopathological symptoms were identified among healthcare workers depending on gender and position.

 Men are more prone to hostility, while nurses experience more anxiety and report somatic complaints more frequently than doctors. Based on the survey results regarding information about COVID-19 and safety measures, it can be concluded that the perceptions of healthcare workers are fragmented.

The results obtained indicate the need to diagnose the severity of psychopathological symptoms and the general level of distress, as well as the level of anxiety and depression among employees in order to provide timely psychological support. Proper information about the disease and safety measures for medical staff is also a factor in reducing the level of distress and anxiety

The article presents a study of the factors of post-traumatic stress (PTSD) and post-traumatic growth (PTG) in patients undergoing hospital treatment for coronavirus infection. An analysis of the literature showed that the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in patients who have suffered coronavirus infection varies from 3.8% to 34.5%. At the same time, female sex, severity of symptoms, traumatic experience, stigmatization of patients and lack of social support were noted as risk factors for the development of PTSD. However, post-traumatic growth was more often associated with the presence of support, constructive coping strategies, and positive core beliefs. As part of this work, 67 respondents were examined, who were asked to answer semi-structured interview questions, as well as fill out a number of questionnaires to assess the level of emotional maladaptation. According to the results obtained, 19% of respondents had symptoms of depression of varying degrees, 10% of respondents noted clinically significant indicators of anxiety, 6% of patients reported the presence of critical values ​​of PTSD, while a quarter of patients noted high values ​​of PTD. Analysis of factors showed that women are more likely to have indicators of PTSD and PTD. Also, significant factorы in post-traumatic growth was the severity of lung damage and subjective severity of experience, while the duration of hospitalization, stay in intensive care and time after discharge were not associated with any of the studied indicators. Post-traumatic stress was associated with all indicators of stress: financial and domestic difficulties, lack of social and family support, and fear of complications from the disease. Moreover, post-traumatic growth was primarily associated with constructive coping strategies and the availability of financial support.

Purpose of the study: to determine the time perspective of young people who have and have not had COVID-19 due to alexithymia. Materials and methods: the total sample consisted of 60 people aged 18 to 45 years, of which 30 people had recovered from coronavirus (EC); 30 healthy people who didn’t have COVID-19 (CG). Methods: “Time Perspective Questionnaire” by F. Zimbardo, “Incomplete Sentences” by D. Sachs and S. Levy; Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Results: For the young people in the sample, orientation to the future is important, but in the group of those who have recovered, there is more fatalism and denial of their own responsibility for the future, while in the group of young people who haven’t had COVID-19 there is more faith in their own strengths and in themselves. Young people who have experienced COVID-19 enjoy the present more. All respondents have a predominantly positive attitude towards the past. A connection between the level of alexithymia and a negative perception of the past and a fatalistic present was revealed. Conclusions: In a time perspective, young people who have suffered from COVID-19 are dominated by hedonistic living of the present, positive acceptance of the past and lack of hope in their own strengths in an overall positive perception of the future. In the comparison group, duality in the perception of the past was revealed: on the one hand, there is acceptance of one’s past, and on the other, disappointment and a negative attitude towards it. In the future, a positive attitude prevails with faith and hope in one’s own strengths with a positive assessment of one’s unrealized capabilities. Respondents from both comparison groups revealed significant direct connections between indicators of alexithymia and perception of the past and present. High levels of alexithymia are associated with negative connotations of the past and present in a time perspective

The article discusses trends in changes in gender identity in modern society and the connection of these changes with the reproductive health of women and men. The concept of a “cultural model of gender identity” is proposed, within the framework of which the qualities and norms of behavior attributed to women and men ensure the success of reproduction in the conditions of a given specific society. Based on the analysis of male and female roles in different cultural and historical conditions, it is assumed that in the history of society, cultural gender models corresponded to the psychophysiological characteristics of women and men, which are biologically determined by the sexual differentiation of the brain. The existence of contradictions between the sexual differentiation of the brain and the requirements for women and men in modern society is described. This contradiction consists in the general masculinization of the education system and professional requirements, which do not correspond to the cyclical nature of the female reproductive system, on the one hand, and on the other hand, in the requirements for the manifestation of feminine qualities from men in the social sphere and in caring for children. The impact of these contradictions on the reproductive health of women and men and possible ways of change in society are discussed in order to create conditions for the full implementation of all spheres of life and preservation of the reproductive health of women and men

Currently, there is an increase in the prevalence of domestic violence against women. In most studies, characteristics of victims of violence are investigated, while the negative personality traits (narcissism, Machiavellianism, psychopathy) of people who perform violence, as well as their alexithymia, remain insufficiently studied. The purpose of the present study is to assess Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, and alexithymia in men with a tendency to perform domestic (psychological, physical, economic, social) violence, in comparison with the men who do not perform violence. The sample included 70 men aged 18 to 55 years working on a rotational basis. The majority of respondents were in an official (37.5%) or civil marriage (38.9%) at the time of the study. The psychological characteristics of men who perform domestic violence against women (main group) and men without violent acts and beliefs about the need to use violence (control group) were compared. The following questionnaires were used: the questionnaire about the tendency and manifestation of domestic violence against women developed by the authors; the short form of the “Dark Triad” questionnaire (M. S. Egorova, O. V. Parshikova, M. A. Sitnikova); Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-26) (adapted by the V. M. Bekhterev Institute). Results. Men who performed domestic violence showed a significantly higher level of dark triad and alexithymia compared to men who were not prone to violence. A relationship between the level of the dark triad and alexithymia with certain types of family violence was identified: physical violence - alexithymia, psychopathic manifestations, economic - alexithymia and Machiavellianism, psychological - alexithymia, Machiavellianism, psychopathy. There were no significant differences between groups regarding sexual violence

Introduction. In the face of global challenges, medical organizations need to adapt to constant changes, primarily related to the transformation of healthcare managers and their leadership styles. The aim of this study is to describe the psychological and professional characteristics of the individuals enrolled in the educational programs of the Institute of Leadership and Healthcare Management, a leader institution providing training healthcare managers. Materials and Methods. The survey study was conducted using the Yandex Forms platform. A total of 27 respondents participated in the study. Results. Most healthcare leaders choose democratic management styles: 29.6% of respondents prefer a dynamic leadership style, another third (29.6%) adhere to a partnership style, 18.5% prefer a democratic style, and 11.1% follow a liberal style. In addition to management style, important characteristics of a leader include critical thinking, developed social and emotional intelligence, communication skills, flexibility and readiness to adapt, as well as creativity. Conclusion. The survey results indicate that the modern healthcare manager is not only a professional but also a distinguished leader with developed emotional intelligence who adheres to a partnership management style and considers the needs of both patients and their team