An Analysis of Research on Aggression, Violence, and Victimization of General Education Teachers (Review)
https://doi.org/10.24884/2219-8245-2025-17-4-83-92
Abstract
The article provides an overview of modern research on bullying and victimization of school teachers. The purpose of the work is to analyze scientific literature on the impact of psychotraumatic actions on teachers by students and other participants in the educational process. The authors present data from domestic and foreign literature indicating that not only schoolchildren are subjected to bullying and victimization by teachers, but teachers are also increasingly subjected to violence by students, their parents, colleagues and school administration. The review used the RINTS, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases.
In conclusion, the author proposes that the Association of Education Researchers of the Russian Federation, together with the Russian Psychological Society, develop a methodology for identifying bullying and victimization directed against students and teachers in order to identify statistically reliable data on the prevalence of these negative phenomena and their prevention.
About the Author
V. M. Ganuzin
Yaroslavl State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
5 Revolyutsionnaya str., Yaroslavl, 150000
Phone: +7 (4852) 30-56-41
References
1. Rean A.A., Egorova A.V. Proyavlenie podrostkovoj agressii v otnoshenii uchitelya: rasprostranennost', faktory, posledstviya, profilaktika. Nacional'nyj psihologicheskij zhurnal (National Psychological Journal). 2021;(2):98–108. doi: 10.11621/npj.2021.020
2. Khokhlov L.K., Khokhlov A.L., Shipov A.A. School didactic neuroses and other mental reactions. Available at: http://www.yspu.yar.ru/vestnik/uchenue_praktikam/6_2/ (accessed 31 July 2025).
3. Sobkin V.S., Fomichenko A.S. Ponimanie uchitelyami prichin proyavleniya agressii uchashchihsya k pedagogu. Sociologiya obrazovaniya. Trudy po sociologii obrazovaniya (Works on the sociology of education). 2012;16(28):137–147.
4. Ganuzin, V. M. Vliyanie psihotravmiruyushchih faktorov v detskom i podrostkovom vozraste na ih zhiznennuyu paradigmu (obzor). Prakticheskaya medicina (Practical Medicine). 2021;19(6):26-31. doi: 10.32000/2072-1757-2021-6-26-31
5. Berg J., Cornell D. Authoritative school climate, aggression toward teachers, and teacher distress in middle school. School Psychology Quarterly. 2016; 31:122–127. doi: 10.1037/spq0000132
6. Berlanda S., Fraizzoli M., de Cordova F., Pedrazza M. Psychosocial risks and violence against teachers. Is it possible to promote well-being at work? International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019:16(22):4439. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16224439
7. Malik F., Hassan Shah A., Ali N., Shah M.I. Impact of workplace bullying on job performance in faculty members of Pakistani universities: Psychological capital as mediator. Journal of Positive School Psychology. 2023;7(4):1507-1517.
8. Jannat S., Farooq A. Bullying as victimization: Coping strategies as a survival mechanism among female school teachers. Remittances Review. 2024;9(1):619-630, doi: 10.33182/rr.vx9il.58
9. Dirzyte A., Indrašienė V., Jegelevičienė V. Merfeldaite O., Prakapas R., Railienė A., Gusauskiene M. Teacher Victimization by Students, Their Parents, and School Staff: Prevalence and Links with Teachers’ Life Satisfaction in a Lithuanian Sample. Education Sciences. 2024;14(2):163. doi:10.3390/educsci14020163.
10. Martinez А., McMahon S.D., Espelage D., Anderman E.M., Reddy L.A., Sanchez B. Teachers' experiences with multiple victimization: Identifying demographic, cognitive, and contextual correlates. Journal of School Violence. 2016;15(4):387-405. doi: 10.1080/15388220.2015.1056879
11. Rigby K. Theoretical Perspectives and Two Explanatory Models of School Bullying. Int Journal of Bullying Prevention. 2024; 6:101–109. doi: 10.1007/s42380-022-00141-x
12. Dolev-Cohen M., Levkovich, I. (2020). Teachers’ responses to face-to-face and cyberbullying of colleagues by others in Israeli schools. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology. 2020; 9:153-165. doi: 10.1080/21683603.2020.1772159.
13. Siddiqui S., Schultze-Krumbholz A., Kamran M. Bullying and victimization of teachers in Pakistan: A cross sectional survey. Social Sciences & Humanities Open. 2025; 11:1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101343.
14. Santor D. A., Bruckert C., McBride K. Prevalence and Impact of Harassment and Violence against Educators in Canada. Journal of School Violence. 2021;20(3):261–273. doi: 10.1080/15388220.2021.1879097
15. Bare K., Mcmahon S., Molina E., Tergesen C., Zinter K. Educator Experiences as Victims of School Violence: Emerging Perspectives and Research. 2021;1-25. doi: 10.4018/978-1-7998-7348-8.ch005.
16. Rigby K. Theoretical perspectives and two explanatory models of school bullying. International Journal of Bullying Prevention. 2022;6(2):1-9. doi:10.1007/s42380-022-00141-x
17. Huang F.L., Eddy C.L., Camp E. The role of the perceptions of school climate and teacher victimization by students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. 2020;35(23–24):5526-5551. doi: 10.1177/0886260517721898
18. Yang C., Chan M.K., Nickerson A.B., Jenkins L., Xie J.S., Fredrick S.S. Teacher victimization and teachers' subjective well‐being: Does school climate matter? Aggressive Behavior. 2022; 48 (4):379-392, doi:10.1002/ab.22030
19. Ganuzin V.M. Psihotravmiruyushchie faktory obrazovatel'noj sredy: profilaktika «shkol'nyh zemletryasenij» s pomoshch'yu antibullingpvyh programm (obzor). Voprosy psihicheskogo zdorov'ya detej i podrostkov (Children and Adolescents’ Mental Health Issues). 2025; 25(2): 98-108.
20. Andronnikova O.O. Shkola kak territoriya viktimizacii: teoreticheskij abris problemy (po materialam nauchnyh publikacij). Social'naya i ekonomicheskaya psihologiya (Social and Economic Psychology). 2025;10(2): 115-137. doi: 10.38098/ipran.sep_2025_38_2_05
21. Мoon B., McCluskey J. An Exploratory Study of Violence and Aggression Against Teachers in Middle and High Schools: Prevalence, Predictors, and Negative Consequences. Journal of School Violence. 2018; 19(2): 122–137. doi:10.1080/15388220.2018.1540010
22. Benbenishti R., Astor R. A., Lopez V., Bilbao M., Ascorra, P. Victimization of teachers by students in Israel and Chile and its relationship with victimization of students by teachers. Aggressive Behavior. 2018; 45(2): 107–119. doi: 10.1002/ab.21791
23. Tarablus T., Yablon Y.B. Teachers’ Willingness to Seek Help for Violence: The Mediating Effect of School Climate. School Mental Health. 2023; 15:1090–1101. doi:10.1007/s12310-023-09604-y
24. Tarablus T., Yablon Y. Novice and Veteran Teachers’ Willingness to Seek Help for Dealing with Students’ Violence Against Them. International Journal of Bullying Prevention. 2022; 6:1-12. doi:10.1007/s42380-022-00143-9.
25. Ferrer-Cascales R., Albaladejo-Blázquez N., Sánchez-SanSegundo M., Portilla-Tamarit I., Lordan O., Ruiz-Robledillo N. Effectiveness of the TEI Program for Bullying and Cyberbullying Reduction and School Climate Improvement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16(4):580. doi:10.3390/ijerph16040580
26. Anderman E.M., Eseplage D.L., Reddy L.A., McMahon S.D., Martinez A., Lane K.L., Reynold C., Paul N. Teachers' reactions to experiences of violence: An attributional analysis. Social Psychology of Education. 2018; 21(3):621-653. doi:10.1007/s11218-018-9438-x
27. Smith, K., Ulwick, M. Leaving the teaching profession: a lack of resilience or a sign of autonomy? Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice. 2017;23(8):928–945. doi:10.1080/13540602.2017.1358706
28. Yinon H., Orland-Barak L. Career stories of Israeli teachers who left teaching: A salutogenic view of teacher attrition. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice. 2017;23(8): 914–927. doi:10.1080/13540602.2017.1361398
29. Calderon-Orellana M., Bórquez D., Calderón P. Client Violence Against Educational Workers: A Systematic Review. Education Sciences. 2025; 15:1-12. doi: 10.3390/educsci15040415.
30. Dirzyte A., Indrašienė V., Jegelevičienė V., Merfeldaite O., Prakapas R., Railienė A., Gusauskiene M. Teacher Victimization by Students, Their Parents, and School Staff: Prevalence and Links with Teachers’ Life Satisfaction in a Lithuanian Sample. Education Sciences. 2024; 14(2): 163. doi: 10.3390/educsci14020163.
31. Ganuzin V.M. Analysis of psychotraumatic factors directed against teachers: victims of school violence. Available at: https://psy.su/feed/10614 (accessed: 31 July 2025).
32. Ganuzin, V. M. Nasilie, napravlennoe protiv uchitelej: analiz sovremennyh issledovanij. Problemy sovremennogo obrazovaniya (Problems of modern education). 2022;(6): 80-88. doi: 10.31862/2218-8711-2022-6-80-88.
33. Ganuzin, V. M. Drama otnoshenij «uchenik - uchitel'» v obrazovatel'nom processe ili poisk ravnovesiya: NOTA BENE! Medicinskaya psihologiya v Rossii (Medical psychology in Russia). 2023;15(1):36-45.
34. Espelage D., Anderman E. M., Brown V. E., Jones A., Lane K. L., McMahon S. D., Reddy L. A., Reynolds C. R. Understanding and preventing violence directed against teachers: Recommendations for a national research, practice, and policy agenda. American Psychologist. 2013;68(2):75–87. doi:10.1037/a0031307
35. Ganuzin V.M. Sindrom pedagogicheskogo nasiliya, dadaktogeniya, bulling, viktimizaciya, postdidakticheskoe stressovoe rasstrojstvo: deti, shkola i negativnye posledstviya vozdejstviya obrazovatel'noj sredy (obzor). Medicinskaya psihologiya v Rossii (Medical Psychology in Russia). 2024;16(2):59-69.
36. Ganuzin V.M. Vliyanie psihotravmiruyushchih faktorov obrazovatel'noj sredy na detej. Rossijskij pediatricheskij zhurnal (Russian Pediatric Journal). 2025;28(2):155-159. doi: 10.46563/1560-9561-2025-28-2-155-159
Review
For citations:
Ganuzin V.M. An Analysis of Research on Aggression, Violence, and Victimization of General Education Teachers (Review). Medical Psychology in Russia. 2025;17(4):83-92. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.24884/2219-8245-2025-17-4-83-92
Views:
26
Email this article 