mprjМедицинская психология в РоссииMedical Psychology in Russia2219-8245федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ярославский государственный медицинский университет"mprj-41Research ArticleАКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ПСИХОЛОГИИCURRENT ISSUES IN MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGYСвязь тяжести пережитого в детском и подростковом возрасте насилия с симптомами комплексного постравматического стрессового расстройства и самоотношения у взрослыхRelationship between the severity of violence experienced in childhood and adolescence with symptoms of complex post-traumatic stress disorder and self-attitude in adultshttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-0098-0439ЛобановаМ. И.LobanovaM. I.

Лобанова Мария Игоревна, выпускница факультета консультативной и клинической психологии

г. Москва

Moscow

lomaig7@gmail.comhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-5194-0199ХолмогороваА. Б.KholmogorovaA. B.

Холмогорова Алла Борисовна, доктор психологических наук, профессор, декан факультета «Консультативная и клиническая психология», заведующая кафедрой клинической психологии и психотерапии МГППУ, ведущий научный сотрудник

г. Москва

Moscow

kholmogorova-2007@yandex.ruМосковский государственный психолого-педагогический университет (ФГБОУ ВО МГППУ)Russian FederationГБУЗ «НИИ скорой помощиим. Н.В. Склифосовского ДЗМ»Russian Federation2024110120251621735Copyright © Лобанова М.И., Холмогорова А.Б., 20252025Лобанова М.И., Холмогорова А.Б.Lobanova M.I., Kholmogorova A.B.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.mprj.ru/jour/article/view/41

Резюме: Комплексное посттравматическое стрессовое расстройство — это расстройство, которое может развиться в результате воздействия события или серии событий чрезвычайно угрожающего характера, чаще всего длительных или повторяющихся, от которых трудно или невозможно избавиться.

          Подверженность различным формам жестокого обращения в детском и подростковом возрасте увеличивает вероятность возникновения практически всех форм психопатологии, включая депрессию, нарушения самовосприятия, ПТСР и КПТСР. Целью данного исследования было изучение связи разных форм пережитого в детстве насилия с симптоматикой КПТСР и особенностями самоотношения во взрослом возрасте. Выборку исследования составила популяционная группа из 133 человек (женщины в возрасте от 18 до 38 лет), участников групп самопомощи. Методы исследования: обработка и анализ данных опросников Google Forms, методы математической статистики. Методики: ICAST – R (Michael P. Dunne, с соавт. 2006, в пер. и адаптации Е.Н. Волковой); Международный опросник травмы (МОТ) (Cloitre M., 2018, адаптация М.А.Падун с соавт. 2022); Опросник самоотношения (В.В.Столин, С.Р.Пантилеев, 1985); Опросник образа собственного тела (Скугаревский, Сивуха, 2006); Опросник «Семейные эмоциональные коммуникации» (Холмогорова, Воликова, 2017); Шкала депрессии А. Бека (Beck Depression Inventory, 1961) адаптация Н.В. Тарабриной.

Результаты исследования показывают, что из двух описанных в данной статье видов насилия, пережитых в детстве, наиболее сильные значимые связи с неудовлетворенностью собственным телом и негативным самоотношением во взрослом возрасте отмечаются при эмоциональном насилии, далее следует физическое насилие. Наиболее деструктивная роль эмоционального насилия проявилась также в его наиболее тесной связи с симптоматикой КПТСР. В свою очередь, эмоциональное насилие в детстве имеет высоко значимые связи средней силы с таким видом коммуникативных семейных дисфункций как высокий уровень критики со стороны родителей, что позволяет наметить пути профилактики КПТСР в работе с семьями. 

Complex post-traumatic stress disorder is a condition that can occur in response to one or more highly stressful experiences, often prolonged or recurrent, which the individual finds difficult or impossible to escape from. Exposure to various forms of abuse during childhood and adolescence significantly increases the risk of developing a range of psychological conditions, including depression, anxiety, self-esteem disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and other mental health issues. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between different types of childhood trauma, the manifestation of symptoms of PTSD, and the characteristics of adult self-perception. The study involved a sample of 133 participants who were members of online self-help groups.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods: ICAST-R (developed by Michael P. Dunne et al., 2006, translated and adapted for use by E.N. Volkova), the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), as adapted by M. A. Padun et al. (2022) based on the work of Cloitre (2018), the Self-Attitude Questionnaire developed by V.V. Stolin and S.R. Pantileev (1985) and the Body Image Questionnaire created by Skugarevsky and Sivukha (2006). To investigate the impact of childhood experiences of violence on adult body dissatisfaction and negative self-perception, the study also employed a questionnaire on family emotional communication developed by Kholmogorova and Volikova (2017), as well as the Beck Depression Inventory, adapted by N. V. Tarabrina based on the original work of Beck (1961).

Results

Results: among the two types of childhood trauma discussed in this study, emotional trauma has the strongest and most significant association with body image issues and low self-esteem in adulthood. While physical trauma also has significant associations, these are less pronounced. The negative effects of emotional trauma are particularly evident through its close link with post-traumatic stress symptoms. Conversely, emotional abuse in childhood has a highly significant, although moderate, connection with family communication dysfunction, characterized by excessive parental criticism.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.