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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">mprj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Медицинская психология в России</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Medical Psychology in Russia</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2219-8245</issn><publisher><publisher-name>федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Ярославский государственный медицинский университет"</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">mprj-17</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАТО- И НЕЙРОПСИХОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PATHO- AND NEUROPSYCHOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Обонятельный референтный синдром: специфика, тактика нейропсихологического обследования и реабилитации</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Olfactory reference syndrome: specifics, tactics of neuropsychological test and rehabilitation</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелёхин</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Melehin</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мелёхин Алексей Игоревич - кандидат психологических наук, доцент, профессор РАЕ, клинический психолог высшей квалификационной категории, сомнолог, когнитивно-поведенческий терапевт; частная психотерапевтическая практика</p><p>ул. Стромынка, д. 21, корп. 2, 107076, Москва, Тел.: 8 (925) 873-30-04</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Stromynka str., 21 bldg. 2, Moscow, 107076, Phone: +7 (925) 873-30-04</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">clinmelehin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Гуманитарный институт имени П.А. Столыпина</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>P.A. Stolypin Humanitarian Institute</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>11</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мелёхин А.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мелёхин А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Melehin A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.mprj.ru/jour/article/view/17">https://www.mprj.ru/jour/article/view/17</self-uri><abstract><p>В данной обзорной статье показано, что обонятельная система — это система предупреждения для обнаружения потенциальных вредных веществ, ситуаций, контекста и тесно связана с системой привязанности у человека. Изменения в обонятельной системе рассматриваются как нейрокогнитивный маркер психического неблагополучия при депрессии, тревожном спектре расстройств, биполярном расстройстве, нейродегенеративных расстройствах, шизофреническом спектре расстройств. Показано, что наблюдаются специфические изменения в различных компонентах обоняния, таких как восприятие, идентификация и различение (дифференциация) запахов, память на запахи, а также в определении гедонистической валентности. Депрессивные симптомы заметно преобладают у пациентов с потерей обоняния из-за воспалительных заболеваний верхних дыхательных путей, таких как хронический риносинусит и острый риносинусит вирусного происхождения. На основе проанализированных жалоб пациентов из собственной клинической практики автора представлена предварительная классификация спектра обонятельной дисфункции. При внимательном анализе жалоб пациентов с обонятельной дисфункцией установлено, что чрезмерное восприятие запахов имеет некоторое сходство с социальной фобией, поскольку характеризуется определенным когнитивно-поведенческим рисунком, страхами и попытками избежать ситуаций, в которых возникает страх или тревога, и перестраховать себя. Также имеет некоторые перекрывающиеся симптомы с дисморфофобией, обсессивно-компульсивным расстройством и тревогой о здоровье. Представлена специфика нейропсихологического обследования данной группы пациентов и общая тактика когнитивно-поведенческой терапии.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article shows that the olfactory system is a warning system for detecting potentially harmful substances, situations, and context and is closely related to the attachment system in humans, changes in the olfactory system are considered as a neurocognitive marker of mental distress in depression, anxiety spectrum disorders, bipolar disorder, neurodegenerative disorders, schizophrenic spectrum disorders. Specific changes are observed in various components of the sense of smell, such as perception, identification and differentiation, memory for odors, as well as in the definition of hedonic valence. Depressive symptoms are noticeably prevalent in patients with loss of sense of smell due to inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract, such as chronic rhinosinusitis and acute rhinosinusitis of viral origin. Based on the analyzed patient complaints, a preliminary classification of the spectrum of olfactory dysfunction is presented. Upon careful analysis of complaints from patients with olfactory dysfunction, excessive perception of odors bears some resemblance to social phobia, since it is characterized by a certain cognitive behavioral pattern, fears and attempts to avoid and reinsure oneself. He also has some overlapping symptoms with dysmorphophobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder and health anxiety. The specifics of neuropsychological examination of this group of patients and the tactics of cognitive behavioral therapy are presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>восприятие запаха</kwd><kwd>запах</kwd><kwd>искаженное восприятие запаха</kwd><kwd>обонятельный референтный синдром</kwd><kwd>обонятельная дисфункция</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>odor perception</kwd><kwd>odor</kwd><kwd>distorted odor perception</kwd><kwd>olfactory reference syndrome</kwd><kwd>olfactory dysfunction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Clearing the air: Multimodal treatment of a case of olfactory reference syndrome / M.P. Roshan, A. Desai, J.M. 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